Essay --

Mindy PangPearl Final (Analysis /Synthesis)1. I think it is ironic that kino is being followed by trackers because each(prenominal) in all throughout the story, kino gum makes connections with sensuals. gum kino and Juana are compared to being animals that are chased down by hunters. As gum kino is supposedly an animal, it is ironic because trackers are known to follow animals. Just same animals, kino gum and Juana try to escape the hunters, going to the mountains, where there is high elevation, something an animal would do. Another example of Kinos comparison to an animal is when Kino needs to find a strategy in which the trackers wont see him, so he takes off his clothes (what us, humans wear), as an animalistic technique, since animals dont wear clothes. His own son in any case becomes an animal, at least to the trackers, who think the babys cry was a coyote cry, and this causes Coyotitos death by a gunshot from them. This excessively brings us to the irony of Coyotito s name, and as readers, we find out why he was named this at the end of the story. Steinbeck also describes the characters literally as animals for example, Kino hissed at her like a snake, and Juana stared at him with wide, unfrightened eyes like a sheep before the butcher. Not only does this help us aspect what is going on, but the author is also trying to make more references to animals. These are only a few of the examples of when the author creates animal mental imagery/ reference, but because the author compares Kino and his family to animals so often, it is ironic how they is being followed by trackers. 3. The brief introduction connects to rest of the story very well. John Steinbeck explains the al-Qurans parable. The introduction is pretty self-explanatory. The story is not just slightly Kino, it i... ...d to harm Kino, mugging him, injuring him, attempting many times to steal the free fall, destroying his precious pearl. Kino could no longer protect himself, like he utilize to. He tried his best, but now his protection shell has been cracked and he is no longer as strong as he used to be, just like an oyster without a pearl. The oyster protects its precious pearl on purpose, and has a shell to help protect it, but when the pearl diver forces the shell open, the protection is gone. The canoe had its wood, as a layer of protection, cube out things on the outside that could potentially harm things that are deep down the boat, but the canoe was destroyed and its protection is now useless. Kino, the canoe, and the pearl all caused and meant trouble. Now they all have lost, they have all shattered, they have been destroyed. Now, they all represent and have become something else.

Duty Of Care In Health,Social Care Or Childrens Settings

Task AWhen looking after tykeren you have a duty of caution to them, this means it is your responsibility to keep the child effective and free from harm. The younger the child the greater the duty of care is,you consider to be vigilant and pay attention to keep children safe. Mentally adventure assessing situations as they arise will help you see any authorisation dangers to the child and help you plan to avoid any jeopardy. You also wishing to be aware of a childs feelings and help them develop them so they conceive how words as well as actions can hurt others.Duty of care contributes to the safeguarding and protection of children as you have to follow certain procedures to keep children safe,such as safe guarding policies, chance assessments and precautions to avoid accidents or the spreading of infections. Assessments and observations on a children could alert you to any problems that may need addressing, these may then adopt discussions with parents and/or other profes sionals.Task BPotential conflict or dilemma Childs parents dont want child taking pop out in certain activities due to their religion. How to manage the risk Insure there are activities the child can take part in when the others are doing theirs, communicate with parents to avoid any such conflict. Where to decease support and advice Parents, online,library.Potential conflict or dilemma Child swearing.How to manage the risk Discuss with children about appropriate behaviour from the beginning. Where to get support and advice critical review managing behaviour policy regularly.Potential conflict or dilemma Child wants to watch television system all day. How to manage the risk Discussion with child,offer alternatives. Where to getsupport and advice The child- ascend out likes and dislikes.Task CHave in place complaints procedure and policy.

Ethical Practices of Citigroup

The purpose of this register is to discuss the ethical, financial and legal issues presented by Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup) receiving $45 billion dollars in government rescue funds and then shortly after remunerative $13 million dollars in bonus compensation to employees for deposecelled trips to resorts. We visualise a number of solutions to the De set offment of Treasury in dealing with the dilemma.The honorable Dilemma Both Primerica Financial Services Inc. (Primerica) and Smith Barney are part of Citi Holdings, a new unit of measurement of Citigroup. Citigroup paid 1,900 agents of its Primerica Financial Services Inc. unit $5,000 each for missing a three-day stay at a Bahamas resort. In addition, around 2,000 Smith Barney brokerage advisers got debit cards valued at $1,000, $2,000 and $3,000 for various canceled getaways. After being warned by President Barack Obama, That companies receiving bailout money cant go take a trip to Las Vegas or go down to the Super Bowl on the t ax remunerators dime, Citigroup decided to pay employees in lieu of canceled getaways.Stakeholders Creditors (U.S. Government), Taxpayers, Shareholders, Employees, Consumers Citigroups dilemma encompasses a large number of stakeholders, including mentionors, taxpayers, shareholders, employees, and Citigroup customers. Creditors (including the U.S. Government) are stakeholders because they provided the funds used by Citigroup to make these bonus payments. The government has sought-after(a) to calm this debate by imposing unfavorable tax treatments against unduly paid bonuses, essentially reclaiming the bonuses paid. Taxpayers have argued that the funds should be used in a way to benefit all society, i.e. rebuilding the financial credit system, rather than a discrete segment of Citigroup employees.Taxpayers main contention is that it is partial for Citigroup to pay reward bonuses to employees using government bailout money from tax payer dollars when Citigroups performance has been so poor. As owners, all Citigroup shareholders are congenital stakeholders. Citigroup shareholders make the argument that the funds can be used to advance the financial outlook of Citigroup, increase the profitability of the corporation allowing it to pay creditors, alter the financial and credit sectors, and lead to an economic recovery.

Organisational Behaviour Essay

Being critical is not about merely devising black and white decisions. It means using your judgement on matters that argon different shades of grey. This implies that criteria need to be used in ascertaining what it is you require to say about whatever it is that is being adjudicated upon. assigning 1 is a critical analysis of a construct and various aspects of it in the mise en scene of individual doings.Analysis is breaking down the concept, like motivation, attitudes, or telephone line satisfaction every one of the seven mentioned in the course draw under weeks 2-5 will do. In language lab today, Week 2, we searched net profit and library for references (textbooks and journals). As a guide, in an assignment at this direct I would expect to see as a minimum betwixt 10-15 references, with about 25-30% being texts and the remainder references to journal articles). When a reference is form that may be important or useful then fix a note of this, say, in a list using word. Next, make up notes of any reaction (agreement and/or disagreement and why) to what these authorities atomic number 18 saying. after(prenominal) that, write a rough content outline. Following on from this bounce on the structure of the essay. Below is a possible structure for the essay. Of course, other structures are possible. At this point write a first draft. In this draft weave the content into and through the structure, remembering to keep twain fairly fluid at this stage. Next, write up a instant draft that is firmer, checking for grammar, spelling and punctuation.Keep most paragraphs more or little 6-10 lines long never longer than eleven lines. Make sure in that respect are no follow-on sentences by breaking down long sentences into simpler sentences. meditate the words needed to say what needs to be said. To carry on with what was being said in the above about structure, the structure of Assignment 1 may follow something like this Introduction (tell me what you ar e passing play to talk about) (300 words) Aim Scope -limitations and delimitations of the essay and/ orBackground cay a picture of the background, for example, talk here about individual behaviour as a context for job satisfaction. Many kinds of background are possible, including the historical or geographical. Purpose Body (talk about it) (1500 words) 1). To facilitate sagacity -Comparison/contrast that is, mention the similarities then focus on the differences between what smith (1999) and Jones (2001) say. Outline the differences in their views. These differences may be treated as aspects of the concept chosen for the essay. (500 words) 2).Use reason by explicating (writing down clearly your rendering of) what each authority is saying. There may be more than two sides to an object. enthral consider more than two. . Write down what each is arguing, for and against, and give your reasons for why they are saying what they are saying. In other words, what is their purpose? Wha t are the advantages and disadvantages of using one point of view over another? (500 words) 3). Which argument is stronger or weaker? Why? (500 words) Conclusion (tell me what you talked about) (200 words) Do not add any new material in this part of the essay.

Education and the Future Essay

direction and perking have always been a chall(a)enge to e realone. There atomic number 18 always emerging problems in our didactics system. Thus, a lot of issues and concerns collect to be addressed. We argon constantly facing challenges with our study system and childrens coning capabilities. Most of us believe that education willing check us with what we need to survive in the real world, it is bluely consequential to come up with the most effective means to educate our children. didactics is an important process that a psyche must experience.Education is intrinsic mainly because association and learning will not be in full achieved without formal education. Education teaches a person military many things that are essential in life such as problem solving, critical opinion and decision making. Education is excessively important to man as it provides man vital information that he needed to realises about his past, kick in and early (Khan, n. d. ). We learn do ne a wide array of processes. For instance, we learn through the formal process of education wherein a mentor teaches the bookmans miscellaneous concepts, ideas and principles.We as hale as learn through our experiences in life, our observations, and our interaction with others. Our education system is bombarded with dilemmas in consecrateing quality education to students. There are many issues that concerning the present quality of education that our students is receiving. The various aspects of education such as instructors and runway of instruction largely contribute on the quality of education. What are the methods and techniques as surface as solutions that can be applied in order to remediate the different aspects of the education system? E real direct has its own syllabus that is hailed by the students.Curriculum is the trim of courses that is taken by the students (Hewitt, 2006). Curriculum is the listen of subjects that a student should take in the whole year. Curriculum is genuinely important in the whole education process. It is important to have a comprehensive curriculum which includes subjects that are essential in the improvement of the students and r demiseer both basic skills and expertise in various aspects. An educational instauration must always evaluate their curriculum and adhere on the a la mode(p) modern trends to equip their students with skills essential in life.The curriculum of the school day is anchored on the socioeconomic background of the population than the mental ability. Curriculum is a option of the organization and its effects will be felt at the end of the schooling. Curriculum variables played a lot of their role when the student leaves his school (Marjoribanks, 1979). There is a wide array of means to create a comprehensive curriculum that is fully developed and offered strong subjects which is the key to a successful education system. First, a planning committee is important in creating or reevaluating a schools curriculum.The planning committee should be consisted of school administrators, faculty members, board members, parents and selected students to be able to develop various perspectives from different sectors (McGee, 2008). This will be an effective way of developing a curriculum and to know how it would affect the different population. The school must set objectives for the integration and disintegration of subjects and courses offered. instructors are also an important part of the education system. Teachers are the ones who convey the facts and information to the students.Teachers are meant to teach and guide the students succession they are in school. They are the ones who teach the concepts and the things that the students need to know. Teachers are very important in the students overall education as they guide the students in the course of the learning process. Students are not able to fully circumnavigate the concepts and principles all by themselves. Teachers ne ed to explain these things in order to be digested by the students. It is important that the school teachers are knowledgeable and competent in order to meets the needs of the students.They must be equipped with adequate knowledge that will enable them to explain and expound on the things that they are teaching. They should also be composed of important virtues such as patience and indus submit that is essential in their line of work. The teachers should also be current and follow the modern trends of teaching as well as use strategies that are adaptive to the modern-day students. One way of refreshing our mentors is to conduct teachers breeding once in a while. This aims to refresh the minds of the teachers on the subjects that they teach.Teachers are the people, who submit knowledge to our children at school, it is important that they are properly and appropriately handy on the various aspects of teaching. By definition, teacher training is a nonrecreational preparation of a teacher. Oftentimes, teacher training is a formal course work and practice teaching which includes lectures and practical applications. Teacher training or the preparatory measures varies in different education systems (Teacher Training, 2009).During the colonial period, teachers are only required of basic knowledge and willingness to take on the before low-waged occupation. Today, there are various requirements needed for a person to be able to teach. Teaching opportunities and qualifications advanced as we give high importance on education. Most countries required a person who went strict studies and extensive practice teaching in preparation for the profession (Teacher Training, 2009). Teacher training is important to refresh and update the minds of our mentors for them to ingest up on the dynamicity of the modern world.Teacher training is composed of third important components such as familiarity on the curriculum, attitudes toward the school community and creation a vital p art of the institution (Velasco, n. d. ). Teachers should be familiar with the schools existing curriculum and they should always adapt on the changes on the teaching strategies and methods to effectively teach a particular lesson. Teachers should also know what lessons should be hierarchically taught to the students to equip them with pertinent knowledge. Teachers are the role models of the students and go on the highest standard of morality and decency.Teachers should show their best attitude to the community and try to achieve harmonious and productive relationships with the students, parents and school administrators. Teachers are also a vital part of the educational institution and they should perform their duties very well. They should be able to impart knowledge and information that will be effective for the students in the future. Education and students preparation for the future should not only assert on what the schools could do. Schools could only provide good teachers , good learning equipment and facilities and theater conducive for learning.The motivation and willingness to learn will always be the students choice. Students will learn so much if they are willing to learn and attend themselves. exercise is one way of learning and reinforcing the knowledge and information that is organism taught by the teacher. course session is very important in students educational success. many educational researchers found a strong correlation between culture and success. Frequently, a good get winder most likely passes the exams and do well in school than a student who do not frequently read.Good readers can easily understand individual sentences and organizational mental synthesis of a piece of literature. They most likely comprehend ideas, follow arguments, and ferret out implications. They also have a rich verbiage and know a lot of trivial knowledge (The Importance of Reading, n. d. ). There is no crisis in the world of literature, but most par ents and educators lament and pine wherefore children do not frequently read. They are worried about the applied science and how it manages to capture the hearts of the children and teenagers.The tech-savvy world is suddenly consuming the present times and leave behind the frayed pages of the book. Before the radio and television gain popularity, it is well known that reading is the best leisure military action and fountain of entertainment of people. But due to the advancements of technology and inception of electronic gadgets, the foundation of the various technological gadgets marked the dying passion to read. Reading is very important and may be a helpful activity in the students life (Sofsian, 2006). Reading offers a productive approach in enriching a persons vocabulary.It is also commonly observed that children who love to read have high IQs. They are also more creative and gifted and do well at school. Educational researchers highly recommend that parents instil the i mportance of reading while in an early age. Reading develops the vocabulary and forms a strong emotional bond between parents and children. Children who read at an early age are observed with better language skills and learn the variances in phonics much better. Reading largely helps in the persons mental development and exercises the muscles in the eyes.Reading is a helpful activity that involves greater amount of concentration and adds conversational skills to the person. It also stimulates the brain run for and enhances knowledge acquisition. The habit of reading helps the person to decipher uncommon delivery that we may come across (Sofsian, 2006). It has been a challenge nowadays to bring over our students to read and focus enough attention and concentration in a page of a book. The world nowadays is full of distraction and entertainment. Reading strengthens concentration, verbal skills and higher-level of thinking.It invigorates the brain and stimulates its activities (Foll os & Gantos, 2006). The initiative should always starts on the student itself. Despite the efforts of the school and the teachers in teaching the students, it is for the students to decide whether they will learn something. The preparation for our childrens future rely on each others hands. We all have our roles in preparing our children to face the real world.ReferencesFollos, A. M. G. & Gantos, J. (2006). Reviving Reading School Library Programming, Author Visits, and Books that Rock Westport, CT Libraries Unlimited. Hewitt, T. W. (2006). Understanding and establishment Curriculum. Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications, Inc. Khan, M. W. (n. d. ). The Importance of Education. Retrieved March 14, 2009, from http//www. alrisala. org/Articles/mailing_list/importance_of_education. htm. Marjoribanks, K. (1979). Families and Their Learning Environments An a posteriori Analysis. London Routledge. McGee, S. (2008). How to Develop a Charter School Curriculum. HowtoDoThings. co m. Retrieved March 14, 2009, from http//www. howtodothings.com/education/a4519-how-to-develop-a-charter-school-curriculum. html. Sofsian, D. (2006, November 9). The Importance of Reading. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http//ezinearticles. com/The-Importance-Of-Reading&id=354498 Teacher Training. (2009). The Free Dictionary. Farlex, Inc. Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http//encyclopedia2. thefreedictionary. com/teacher+training. The Importance of Reading. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 16, 2009, from http//esl. fis. edu/parents/advice/read. htm. Velasco, M. A. (n. d. ). Seaching for Meaning in Teacher Training. Analytic Teaching, 16, 112-115.

Define Communism

fabianism has long been heralded in capitalist countries as the root of all evil. However, as with all phobias, this intrinsic fear of socialism comes from lack of knowledge rather than sound reasoning. It is the identical fear that gave the humanity the Cold War and McCarthys cherry-red Sc be. The purpose of this paper is uncomplete to support communism oer capitalism nor the opposite, rather it is to in pee the indorser of communisms migration th full-length time and hopefully assist the infantile fixation of such fear. The ideology of communism came out of the minds of dickens men, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (Sowell, 11).Since Marx is the most wide know influence, he go away be the nonpareil most referred to. It was Marxs belief that private property was the engender of p everywherety and degradation of the proletariat. Therefore, he came to settle on the idea that no one person should befuddle dominance over production of right-hand(a)s, ownership of land, and m anagement of funds. In that same token then, no one ground level should be allowed to have control over these things. He went on to comment that the exploitation of the over bating class must come to an end. That end would be achieved done variation.Once this was achieved, everybody would work according to their abilities and then be paid accordingly (Marx 586-617). before long after, however, skillful innovations would piss such abundance of goods that everyone works according to his abilities and receives according to his needs. Soon on that pointafter, money would have no place in society. wad would be able to take what they want and in turn would be abstracted nothing. Marx also believed that the pleasure of redeing the fruits of labor would be enough to cause man to work (Rieber, 56-62).Countries and people were soon to catch on to this ideology. The two most well know places were Russia and china. Of the two, Russia was the first to adopt the communist beliefs. Ru ssia al develop had a long history of peasant insurrections. Most of these uprisings though, were attractorless and highly un organize. The motives of the rebels were undefined and of cristal confused. By the time the government made some improvements to military service the peasants, it was too late. In 1917, due to the breakdown of the administration and military order, the peasants travel to carry out their own revolution.They tore down every form of legal and territorial authority and distributed the land in a rough but equal fashion. During this time, a man by the name of Georgi V. Plekanhov had on the Q.T. come into Russia bringing Karl Marxs books. Once there, these books influenced young students who saw the revolution dependent on the proletariat, not the peasant class. One of the people influenced by Plekanhov was a man breathing out by the name of Nikolai Lenin. His revolutionary passion was fuddled and he went on to creat a group called the Bolsheviks and they a re the ones who would create the revolution needed to change the system.It began on March 6, 1917 when bread riots erupted in Petrograd, Russia and did not end until the join Soviet Socialist Republic was organized on December 30, 1922. On January 21, 1924, Lenin died and this complicated matters since two people were evoke in Lenins position. A power struggle ensued between Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky (Salisbury, xi). Stalin became the Bolshevik party general secretary in 1922, which was one step adpressed to being the next Lenin. In 1925, Stalin offered a more attractive dissolvent to the Russian people than Trotsky (Rieber, 73-74).Thus in 1927, Stalin scored the first major(ip) mastery for himself when the Fifteenth All-Union Congress of the Communist Party denounced all deviations of the Stalinist line. Trotsky and any ally of his were banished to the Russian provinces. Here Stalins ruthless nature began to show. He completely expelled Trotsky from the Soviet Union and f inally his fear of Trotsky-esque forced him to murder Le on Trotsky in 1940 (Kaiser, 246). However, even after Trotsky was assassinated Stalins fears were neer quite an dissipated.Stalin went on to establish a dictatorship, crushing any opposing voices within his party and his country. He would not stop there though, still being enough of a Marxist, he wanted to recover the ultimate goal become a naturalism. He wanted to see a domain of a function wide socialist revolution. He and many antithetic Soviet leaders held the furtherance of world revolution above the preservation of the dictatorship. It remained an important goal through the leadership of Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov, and Chernenko. However, this came to the head during the leadership of Gorbachev.Gorbachev had a country that was falling apart dumped into his lap. Dissension was widespread and in an safari to bring the country back to its former glory, Gorbachev weaponed a program known as Perestroika, or rec onstructuring. Its aim was to make good on the promises of socialism or else it would sink to the status of a tierce world country. One part of Perestroika that was particularly odd was called Glasnost. The purpose of Glasnost was to perk constructive criticism in order to possibly try to implement the ideas in an safari to help the country out of their difficulties.This was much different from Stalins views. When due western criticism said that Perestroika was slowing down, Glasnost went ahead at full speed, revealing not single the crimes of the Stalin era, but also the dreadful dimensions of the contemporary crisis. In foreign affairs, not only was there expectant progress on arms control, but also Soviet force were withdrawn from Afghanistan. Most spectacular of all, in 1989, Gorbachev allowed Soviet control over Eastern Europe to evaporate, as communism was overthrown and independent governments were established in one satellite country after another.In 1991, Gorbachev changed course as he came to realize that his only chance to preserve the union was to work with the leaders of the republics rather than against them. For many loyal members of the party and the security forces, as well as managers of industry and collective farms, the country as they had known it was on the brink of falling apart. The last stand of the old hold in was an attempted takeover in August 1991. It was easy for the plotters to take over the interchange government, but they found it impossible to topple Boris Yeltsin and the Russian coalition government.The coup collapsed within days, and the Communist party was outlawed. The fate of the August showed how half-size vitality was left in the Soviet Unions central government, and it was not long before appropriate conclusions were drawn. In another quieter coup in December, the leaders of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus declared that a Commonwealth of Independent States would renew the Union of Soviet So cialist Republics . The declaration only ratified the reality of republican independence. Gorbachev bowed to the inevitable and resigned at the end of the form. The seventy-four year history of the Soviet Union had come to an end (Grolier).After Russia, China was the next major country to adapt to the communist system of beliefs. It was on October 1, 1949 that monoamine oxidase Tsetung pronounced the establishment of the new Chinese Communist domain the Peoples Republic of China. It was for this reason that Mao and over ten thousand people set off on what was to be called the immense March. They began in the Jiangxi province where their ranks rapidly grew and became known as the Fourth Red Army. It was comprised of peasants and soldiers who were in favor of a communist regime or were in opposition to Chiang Kai-sheks domainalist views.Maos army never numbered more than 85,000 peasants, speckle Chiangs forces, the Kuomintang, numbered at least 200,000 well-equipped troops (Frankenstein 58-64). Th e betting odds were definitely against Mao. It was for this reason that he favored guerrilla warfare. Mao expound these tactics in his Little Red Book When the enemy advanced, we retreat. Our weapons are supplied to us by the enemy. In 1934, Chiang encircled the Jiangxi province in which Mao was camped and thus it was decided within his camp that they must break through Chiangs blockade lines.The 85,000 plus another 15,000 peasants poured through the breach that had been made. at heart forty-eight hours, most of the people had broken through the lines. No one really knew what ahead, however, over six thousand miles, icy rivers, swampy marshes, and Kuomintang forces would quit only a handful alive at the end (Frankenstein 116-124). The foresightful March had begun. It would finally end in 1949, the same time the Peoples Republic of China was formed. Mao had come out on top through extraordinary means. However, the civil war was not quite over.While living in Taiwan, Chiang was s till getting backing from the United States of America and again took the title of President in 1950. Mao recognized, however, that he would need to set up a government immediately in order to support the close to one billion people living in China. He then turned to the Soviet Union for pecuniary assistance. Mao went on to create the Great Cultural Revolution an effort to get China up to the status of a major world power. This was a major motivating force for Mao until his death in 1976 (Frankenstein, 161-165).China and the communist party were without an outstanding leader for several age following Mao Tsetungs death. Finally, Deng Xiaoping eventually emerged as the paramount leader they were looking for in 1978. He promptly launched his economic reform plan. low his leadership, China tried moving their economy from a sluggish Soviet-style centrally planned economy to a more produ ctive and flexible economy with market place elements, all within the framework of Communist cont rol. The result has been a strong surge in production with industry posting some major gains.Dengs reforms have improved the livelihoods of many Chinese living in urban areas. There is no doubt that Deng had lead China through greatest period of modernization and foreign contact. One of the saddest days in Chinese history was the death of Deng Xiaoping on February 19, 1997. While he had not been active for some time and had not appeared in public for cardinal years prior to his death, the death of senior leaders had always had an unsettling allude on Chinese politics (CNN). On the other hand, Deng had retired in 1989 and he had placed Jiang Zemin in the powerful post of chairman of the Central troops Commission.In 1993, Jiang was named president of China. Jiangs policy, like that of his mentor, was to instill market reforms while still keeping the country politically and socially conservative (CNN). This was going to be difficult though with Hong Kong having been repossessed to China on June 1, 1997. President Jiang Zemin himself will preside as the motherland reclaims a piece of itself, instantly surrogate the councils and crown symbols of Britain rule with the new authority of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. If only it were that simple.The people of Hong Kong embrace neither of these extremes. They share pride in the reunion of China, but they harbor some misgivings about their new landlords, however, they are ready to give the new system a chance. Unfortunately the west is moulding a skeptical eye. If Beijing is ready to be welcomed into the union of nations with the stature its size and wealth ought to command, China will have to convince the west that it is ready and able to live by the international communitys rules (McGeary, 186-192).With the Soviet Union no longer in existence, the international community is tour their attention on to the last major communist nation that has influence. China will have to tread lightly, especially now with the return of a valuable port that was the refuge for millions of democratic citizens. China has promised a one country, two systems policy, but that is only drawing more criticism. Communism can no longer grow, it can only mature. However, this maturing process is turning it into more of a capitalist country.

Discuss how Hare presents ideas about class in this scene and at least one other point in the play

Within runs revive Murmuring Judges, there some appears to be twain class systems. The first is the standard upper, middle and lower, however, H are almost separates the prisoners, the police and the lawyers as three separate classes of people, who each intuitive feeling d throw on the class below them. This eachows us to see not only the perceived separations of social classes but also the classes that you are consecrate into according to you duty and the classist offices held by those above.In the focus scene, Hare distinctly provides his views about class through implications and connotations used in the lawyers and judges conversations. at present as the scene starts, His Excellency AL Hadji Sulay Ibrahim Dunko is announced by the toast master. Whereas at heart the perceived lower class of the police, DC Abdul caravanserai is referred to as Jimmy, here he is announced with his full name and title, which like a shot kick ups a difference in class and status betwee n the 2 manpower.This is also clear shown in the language used by wholly the char wagerers in this scene, as phrases such as Grand Days and the leery stuff in reference to caviar creates a semantic field of battle which suggests the men view themselves and believe they are viewed by others as upper class. Furthermore, the juxtaposition of the Toast Master and Gerard at the opening of Act 2 clearly demonstrates the social classes, as we see the announcement of important men next to a man monologuing within his prison cell.Hare uses sustenance in the focus scene to reflect the upper class genius of the men. As previously referenced, Cuddeford calls caviar the fishy stuff, suggesting his familiarity with highly pricy foods, which subtly exposes his class. Again, the Roast Venison Baden-Baden also shows the dinner to be sophisticated and the proffer that the students have to eat their way through twenty four dinners reveals the mindlessness of the system in terms of man, whic h clearly suggests there is money to be thrown around.Hare also uses food in other moments in the play reflect the lower classes of the police and the prisoners. Whereas Gerard is only once offered a cup of tea, Woodys line your glass of beer? shows Woody to act like a manservant which again clearly shows the difference between the two men. However, it could be fence ind that Sir beam of light sees himself as more important than he unfeignedly is, as he sends Woody to ask Irina to the opera in methodicalness to make himself seem too important to come in person, which isnt reflected anywhere else in the play.Similarly, Hare uses other running motifs throughout the play which suggest the upper class nature of the lawyers, but also to suggest the lawyers ideas about the lower classes. The discussion of Desert Island Disks clearly shows them to be at least middle class, as do Sir Peters selections, but the comment everyone listens to desert island disks is what exemplifies how out of touch with adult malekind the lawyers are. This unrealistic idea of ships company is also shown by Sir Peter, I suasion all educated young women loved music, as this is alternatively an idea of the past then the present.Hare uses reading to show the constitutive(a) difference between the lawyers and the prisoners especially, as he presents the lawyers as having no sequence to read off the job, whereas Gerard sarcastically states Thank God for belles-lettres as whilst the lawyers claim to have no time, the cruel irony is that all Gerard has is time. The lawyers views on those they perceive to be lower than them is never hidden, perchance as the lawyers are largely untouchable due to their position, as shown by the conversation with the Home Secretary, which shows the lawyers to have acquaintances in the government.Cuddeford openly calls the suspects common-as-much individuals which shows the upper classes to call up themselves much correct than everyone else. This is fu rther shown by the prisons may be called failings of society which are truly not my concern show disinterest in the justice of those beneath them, again shown by Sir Peters un bequeathingness to do criminal law as it involves real people. On a larger scale, Sir Peter shows not only the suspects but the on the whole idea of crime to be trivial, as he refers to Gerards case, which clearly upturns Gerards life, as a silly sort of warehouse robbery.Sir Peter further expresses his view on Gerard later, claiming he is an ordinary, sub-average human being, demonstrating the barriers he believes exist between them. Gerard is also presented as cognizant of these separations, as shown through these men will go home to wine-colored in fine glasses and the gossip of the barand I will go to my gaol. Gerards reference to himself as the stuff of their profession suggests that Gerard perhaps also sees himself as below the lawyers, which could be used to argue that class separations are inherent.T his inference is reinforced by there is a glass screen and our clients live on the other side of it, which not only suggests a separation but also could be seen as excusing the seemed inability of the legal system to help its clients. Although largely presented as incapable(p) or unwilling to help their clients, the lawyers are clearly shown to cover their own backs. At the time, there was a suggestion of changing laws regarding barristers which would, according to Sir Peter, would be a threat to justice.In response to this, Irina, under instruction, starts a campaign against the new legislation which raises ?1million in four days. This is heavily juiceless within the play, as it is a good deal states there is no money to reclaim the prison, which given the events of the Strangeways riot in April 1990, would presumably be a higher(prenominal) priority. It also shows the extent to which the lawyers are upper class, as the blase attitude of give or take a few thousand shows how t eensy an amount of money this is to them, which would be huge to any other characters in the play.Cuddeford is shown to be clearly aware of this, play down the million, which suggests a level of guilt at using the money for this, especially within their profession. In conclusion, Hare uses juxtaposition throughout Murmuring Judges to show the seemingly inherent differences in class between the lawyers and the prisoners in particular. Whilst the prisoners are forced to slop out and throw shit packages, the lawyers are often presented in luxurious settings, laid out magnificently four contrasting wine glasses.Hare also presents ideas of class mainly from the purview of the lawyers who seem themselves as more important than they perhaps are, and certainly better than the common-as-muck ordinaries. Overall, I think the ideas of class in the play are nicely represented in the line we were going to abolish this as overage, but in the end didnt, which for me shows the lawyers understand ing that the system is incapable or unwilling to work to the best of its ability, but simply would rather not out of tradition.

Cross Cultural Communication Essay

Contents1. Executive SummaryThis reveal will consist of the parts which atomic number 18Critically consider and assess the bewilder of residencys High linguistic background of give polish and be microd stage setting polish and introduce the main features of them. Explain both countries locomote into High setting kitchen-gardening and suffering mount ending. Analyse the AUDIs formalised website of business communion respectively in S step forwardh Korea and china which belongs to High consideration enculturation, in Sweden and Canada which is part of funky mount socialization and demonstrates the consummation of attach to. The tuition is provided in this level which came from academic journals, newspapers, textbooks and reliable websites. harmonise to the depth psychology of dormitorys model, this report considers that this model is attendful for the nonplus- heathenish dialogue of incompatible countries. And based on the model, it provides approximately faces much(prenominal)(prenominal) as conspiracy Korea and chinaw atomic number 18 ( blue mise en scene close) and Sweden and Canada ( unhopeful scope culture) to demonstrate the contrasting feel way in variant countries which piece of tail contri preciselye to the cultural converse of each country and make the features of model to a greater extent than clear(p)ly. Then, this report proposes the AUDI as the case to introduce the communication moods of company in senior luxuriously and pocket-size context culture and analyse minutely the accomplishments of its formal website in four countries which are South Korea, chinaware, Sweden and Canada. The masteryful evolution of AUDI in these four countries in addition certifies the authorisation and contribution of residence halls model.2. Introduction2.1 ObjectivesCritically evaluate and analyse the main characteristics of exalted context and broken in context culture model of Hall (1990). Propose four countries that devil lavishly-context culture countries (China and South Korea) and two low-context culture countries (Sweden and Canada) to analyse Halls higher(prenominal) and low context culture model (1990). Present the example of business communication closely Halls (1990) high context and low context culture model. And illustrate the different communication styles of AUDIs official websites respectively in high context culture country of South Korea and China and in low context culture country of Sweden and Canada. Make the conclusion accord to the above contents.2.2 High and low context model of culture of Hall (1990)The famous American anthropologist Hall, check to accuracy and clarity of masss teaching transmission and receiving in the butt against of communication, puts forward the analysis simulation of high and low context culture. Hall (1976) thinks that context is surrounded by the information of an event, and the events is to establish the con tents of communication, the combination between them reflects the characteristics of a culture. concord to the different combination of linguistic context and Content, the culture can be divided into high context culture and low context culture.3. chief(prenominal) FindingsWith the rapid development of economic globalization, the liaison between countries be tot much than and more closely. Beca make use of different countries devote different cultural context, the cross-cultural communication are emerging, which in any case corroborate some issues in the communication (Koeszegi, 2004). umpteen scholars have do some research and analysis on the different culture in the land, this part will introduce the Halls model of high and low cultural context detailedly and give some cases of different context culture as below. 3.1 Analyse the model of high and low cultural context of Hall3.1.1The Definition and Features of the High and Low cultural context model (Hall, 1990) Hall (19 76) thinks that the human communication, including actors line communication will be affected by the context. Hall (1976, pp.81-83) emphatically pointed out without context, symbols are incomplete, because it only contains a part of the information, context does non have the specific marrow, but the substance of communication much depends on the context, and meaning is inextricably linked to context. Hall (1976) divided the context into high context and low context. The type of context determines all aspects of the communicative activities, the use of language is no exception. It means that, in low context communication, commonwealth more and more depend on use language to achieve communicative purposes. While in high context communication, the role of language use may be much smaller, volume are relatively sore to the hints of subtle environment. Most Asian cultures such as Chinese culture, and culture of South Korea and Africa culture can be regarded as high context cult ure. And the United States, Canada, Sweden and most Nordic culture belongs to low context culture (Hall and Hall, 1990).In these two kinds of different cultures, the role of the transfer meaning on context and language which is not the same, therefore the position and status of communication is different. The features of high context culture are that in the process of communication, subsequently only a few information is encoded by clearly transmitting, stack attaches great importance to the context rather than the content, and pay more worry to the establishment of the social trust and highly evaluate the descent and friendship, which can sustain a long relationship (Moran, et al, 2007). Besides, communication is implicit, people is actually crude to these implicit information and early learns to accurately let off the implicit information. The two kinds of communication and information have certain advantages high context culture can better inherit the oriental function an d the humanistic spirit of the love with China as a representative. It is well-heeled to the harmony of society and the stability of management (Dozier, et al, 1998). Whilst low context culture through the system the rigidity feel achieve the standardization of the dictate and management better. The comparison of this two context cultures features is as follows in Table 1. Table 1 The comparison of the HC and LC elaborations features (Lustig and Koester, 1999)High Context CultureLow Context Culture connotative and Veiled Communication officeExplicit and Direct Communication WayCode InformationClear InformationSome Differences between internal and ExternalThe Flexible Relationship between Internal and External more(prenominal) Nonverbal CodeDetailed Verbal CodeHigh autogoLow CommitmentStrong Interpersonal RelationshipsEstranged Interpersonal Relationships little Demonstrative ResponseDemonstrative ResponseHighly Flexible of epochHighly Structured of TimeThe above analysis shows that the characteristic of HC and LC have large differences on culture and communication, Lustig and Koester (2001) points out HC culture mainly depends on the preset program of peoples thought to convey information, such as numerous unwritten traditions, unspoken values and society by and large accepted patterns of demeanor. And yet LC culture, it emphasizes the reason and logic, which is on the substructure of rationality to take off with the conclusion to use the logical method, transfer information clearly through language, and regard the implicit expression way as unclear idea or lack of politeness. In the actual endeavor and social management, the two cultures should be mutual penetration and fusion, and complement each other, which help the enterprise to create the harmonious and efficient management mechanism, and promote the harmonious development of society (Ahmed, et al., 2009).3. 2 The compared analysis between South Korea, China and Sweden, Canada come to into each categoryEach culture is forming in the long-term diachronic development process of accumulation. And every culture has its aver potential and unique, viz. the recessive culture, the recessive culture has the intangible influence to people, so to the success of cross-cultural communication has more threatening (Chua and Gudykunst, 1987). The distinction between high and low context culture of Hall that is the overall summary to the characteristics of different cultures, especially the features of recessive culture, and to explore their historical origin and understand their characteristics which is the infallible subject of cross-cultural communication. According to the research of Hall, South Korea and China belong to the high context culture, while Sweden and Canada are biased towards the low context culture.3.2.1 The High Context Culture of South KoreaSouth Korea belongs to high context culture country, because Kim, et al. (1998)suggest that South Korea is influ enced by traditional Chinese Confucianism, after many years of accumulation of culture, it has a similar background of China, and has formed a certain values, beliefs and code of conduct, and so forth, this is a long-term accumulation of life, which has relative stability. Therefore, in the process of communication of people in South Korea, a mint of information already contains the background information, and do not need to explicitly expressed, they can fully understand, this creates the more hidden interpersonal communication in South Korea. In South Korea, people especially pay attention to courtesy, and avoid calling name of each other leasely in the communication. In business communication, Avruch (2004) suggests that South Koreans prefer to use the un-opposite and indirect attitude, and language strategy, the true meaning of expression a great deal need to through reason out to understand, even if they do not agree with each others opinions, they will not say no and rarel y directly freeze off or refute, sometimes they will excessively use silence sort of of rejection. Language is polite and veiled, which avoid friction directly. Due to the high context culture, the oral expression of the wooden people will get more trust in South Korea.3.2.2 The High Context Culture of ChinaBecause of tradition and history, China has become a typical high context culture. People live in a fixed place for a long time, the pace of life is orderly. In the long term, social change over is slow and amplitude is small, peoples life experience and vane are very simple (Kim, et al., 1998).The Chinese language expression is wooly and significative, much information is in the cultural connotation, most of the information is not clearly expressed, which always use the indirect and roundabout expression, the meaning of the lyric poem usually exist in language, this communication way both appropriate wiggle room for each other, and in addition avoid loss of face. In add ition, the language need not be the main channels of information in the China, the gestures, space distance and even silence can as well convey ideas and communicate the feelings. Therefore, Chinese people are more sensitive to the things around and environment, do not through language can besides express their feelings. As Hall (1976) pointed out high context culture is more dependent on and familiar with nonverbal communication. In high context culture, through the surrounding environment, people can gain a lot of information, there is no need to reveal everything. In China, for example, such as the doom of I love you which show the word of deal, they seldom speak out directly, because this information has transmitted from the context.3.2.3 The Low Context Culture of SwedenWhile the culture of Sweden is the opposite, which is a part of low context culture. They do not like Chinese and Koreans in order to take into love the feelings of others, to express their ideas euphemisti cally. They will directly show their attitude (Niemeier et al, 1998). In Sweden, people are articulate and usually good at verbal expression that will more popular. In the process of business communication, the conflict does not mean that their dissatisfaction, which will reflects their own thoughts, they think when face the disagreement, clearly announce their ideas can be better for solving the problem. In addition, negotiations between companies in Sweden, they will straight into the theme, and complete the scheduled agenda quickly, which hope to cut off work and play fully, achieve the deal as soon as possible (Jarvenpaa, et al., 1999). And the Swede is a representative of the linear concept of time, who imitate the speed and efficiency, they asked to do anything in accordance with the schedule strictly, their work habits are that to elevator carry out the negotiations in order, and after make sure the concern issues clearly, then step by step to solve, the first terms does not completely solve they will not negotiate the minute. While in same meeting negotiates a few issues in China which is very normal, which reflect the differences between high context and low context culture.3.2.4 The Low Context Culture of CanadaCanada similarly belongs to low context culture, which emphasize straightforward, and come straight to the question when they are in process of communication, all the information need to be conveyed with the clear and easy spoken communication by language, and often have no hidden meaning between the lines of words, the Canadians willing to bluntly express their ensures (Hall and Hall, 1990). In the process of business communication, Canadians usually energetic and outgoing, who like the direct honest way of negotiations, the expression has obviously transactional and economic. In the process of negotiation, they sought to clarify their own point of view, who utilize the simple and clear language to express the idea, they think t hat argument is not only the rights of presenting the individualist opinion, but also can solve the problem, but this kind of radiation diagram for countries that have high context culture is hard to accept, which think Canadians are very aggressive. In the eyes of Canadians, they believe that silence is impolite behavior (Salleh, 2005). 3.3 The weaknesses of Halls high and low context model of culture (1990) However, though the model of Halls high context and low context culture has made great achievement on the analysis of national culture, and also provides reference for many scholars to help them to research the humans culture. It still has some weaknesses in this model. Hall only proposes that the concept and features of high and low context culture, which does not provide the integrated system and detailed data to demonstrate his argument, and he does not classify all the countries, hence ca utilise the fuzzy classification of some countries. Some scholars such as Hofstedes (2008) Individualism vs. Collectivism Dimension, Trompenaarss (1998) Seven Dimensions of Culture, GLOBE authors (House et al., 2004), etcetera which will have more evidences to argue the high and low context culture, which prove the disadvantages of Halls model. Kramsch (1993) proposes that high context culture often has too much emphasis on the human feelings, by normal of people instead of the legal system, which often lack of efficiency on operation. While low context culture emphasize on the rationality, and fall into the mechanical and rigid in the process of execution.3.4 The Cases of Business Communication on High Context Culture and Low Context Culture of HallAccording to the above analysis and critically evaluate of Halls high and low context model, this report will provide the example of business communication such as AUDIs official website in different countries which are South Korea and China (high context culture) and Sweden and Canada (low context culture) as below. AUDI is the world famous luxury car grunge, and is also one of the worlds most successful brands in Germany which sells all over the world. As following, this report will illustrate the different performance of AUDIs official website in different countries of high and low context culture.3.4.1 AUDI in ChinaWhen opening the official website of AUDI in China as show in Appendix of range 1, on the background of red jump into the view of consumers, because this is the Chinese Spring Festival recently, the red represents the good fortune and the stovepipe wishes, which brings the Chinese customers to the impact on the vision. The forms of ideate is rendered on dynamic and the second get word (see Appendix of Figure 2) reflects the activity of valentines day which is to profane a car to present the luxurious gift, the text on the prototype is that their holiday is a day, every day of your holiday is youth , the company uses the reserved words to express that AUDIs provide the act ivity of presenting the gifts when the customers buy the car, rather than directly express the activity content (AUDI, n.d.). Because Chinese people can find deeper meaning in the process of watching pictures, and it also embodies that the communication type of AUDI in high context culture of China. In addition, the AUDI in Chinas official website use more gorgeous and tinctful images, which also reflects the Chinese pay attention to the visual consumption and feeling in the process of cultural communication.3.4.2 AUDI in SwedenCompared with the business communication of AUDI in China, Sweden as the low context culture country, the official website of AUDI provides more compact car words and single color of picture (AUDI, n.d.), which do not like the picture in China website which has the red background, it mainly has the color of black and white(see the Figure 3 in Appendix). Each picture has the link to transfer another page which has long paragraph to introduce the car in det ail (see the Figure 4 in Appendix). This also reflects that the AUDI according to the low context culture of Sweden to implement the special business communication. It is different from South Korea and China, the home page of AUDI in Sweden utilize the simple words and single color pictures to present the clear information about the performance and type of car, which satisfy the requirement of low context culture in Sweden because in the business communication, Swedish prefers to choose the direct information of car to help them to find the new product.3.4.3 AUDI in South KoreaThe official website of AUDI in South Korea is similar with the design style of AUDI in China. Because South Korea also belongs to the high context culture, the style of website is simple and laconic, there are little words to decorate the pictures. When open the AUDIs official website in South Korea, it is the advertising video about The New Audi A3 Sedan, advertising is not directly express the cars perf ormance and technology, just using the vivid images and implicit text which is it changes everything to make the metaphor of the perfect performance of the car, and will let the customer to love it (AUDI, n.d.). Because South Koreans are also high context culture, Korean customers can easily understand the meaning of advertisement. Besides, while browsing the web, the customer will find that every picture below has the button which can be directly connected to Facebook, twitter and YouTube (see Figure 5 in Appendix). It is convenient for customers to search and share the evoke video content, it also can help company for indirect propaganda and addition the pleasure of Korean consumers (Wrtz, 2005). All design of website presents a wonderful and disruptive content, this is because the Korean tends to present their own information to the others in the process of communication, and they also hope that to grasp more information slowly through their own understanding, which reflects the features of high context culture.3.4.4 AUDI in CanadaWhen browsing the home page of AUDI in Canada, the design of web page is simple and clear. (see the Figure 6 in Appendix). Although there are four rolling images in automatic replacement, but the contents on the picture are also very compact (AUDI, n.d.). As well as to introduce the AUDIs new car which is The New AUDI A3 Sedan, on the South Korea website is an advertising film and implicative words to express, while in Canada website which is the publicity pictures of the car and write the sentence directly on the picture which is The all New 2015 A3 Sedan is glide path . (see the Figure 7 in Appendix). This is associated with the culture of Canada, because Canada is part of low context culture country, when they make business communication, Canadians prefer straightforward way to express their opinions, that is the reason why the website information of AUDI in Canada is only about the direct introduction. The color of t he website design is very single (AUDI, n.d.), but each propaganda of picture has a link to analyse the detail about the information of product, which to help customers to understand the performance of the car better. It conforms the simple and direct cultural factors of Canada.4. ConclusionsThis report is as the aim of cross-cultural communication to discuss the high context culture and low context culture model of Hall. Firstly, this report defines and explains the Halls high and low context culture and its features. Then, based on the traits of model, it gives some cases of countries such as South Korea and China which belongs to high context culture and Sweden and Canada which are the representative of low context culture and also introduce their communication way that prove the practicability of Halls model. Furthermore, although the model has more contribution to the research of cross-cultural communication, on the basis of the research of some scholars, some weaknesses of thi s model will be reported. In order to realize different business communication in different countries, this report provides the performances of AUDIs official website in South Korea, China, Sweden and Canada, which respectively belongs to high context culture and low context culture. In AUDIs official website, it clearly shows that in South Korea and China, the website reflects the high context culture which utilizes more the rolling pictures and the simple words to show the significant activities of company which can reflect the AUDIs excellent services. While in Sweden and Canada, the communication style of AUDIs official website is simple and brief, and directly put the performance of cars on the pictures, which embody the business communication of AUDI in low context culture country. The success of AUDI incarnates the availability of Halls model.5. ReferencesAhmed, T., et al. (2009) Website design guidelines High power distance and high-context culture. internationalistic Journal of Cyber Society and Education, 2(1), 47-60. AUDI. (n.d) AUDI in China. WWW acquirable from http//www.audi.cn/cn/brand/zh.html . Accessed 15/02/2014. AUDI. (n.d) AUDI in Canada. WWW Available from http//www.audi.ca/ca/brand/en.html . Accessed 15/02/2014. AUDI. (n.d) AUDI in South Korea. WWW Available from http//www.audi.co.kr/kr/brand/kn.html . Accessed 15/02/2014. AUDI. (n.d) AUDI in Sweden WWW Available from http//www.audi.se/se/brand/sv.html . Accessed 15/02/2014. Avruch, K. (2004). Culture as context, culture as communication Considerations for humanitarian negotiators. Harv. Negot. L. Rev., 9, 391. Chua, E. G. and Gudykunst, W. B. (1987) Conflict resolution styles in low-and high-context cultures. Communication query Reports, 4(1). Dozier, J. B., et al. (1998) Need for approval in low-context and high-context cultures A communications approach to cross-cultural ethics. Teaching Business Ethics, 2(2), 111-125. Hall, E. (1976) Beyond culture. New York Doubleday. 1976. p .101. Hall, E., & Hall, M. (1990) Understanding cultural differences Germans, French and Americans. Yarmouth Intercultural Press. Hofstede, G. (2008) Cultures Consequences Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. Sage Publications, cubic yard Oaks, California. House, R., et al. (2004) Culture, Leadership, and Organizations. Thousand Oaks Sage. Jarvenpaa, S. L., et al. (1999) Consumer trust in an Internet store A crosscultural validation. Journal of ComputerMediated Communication, 5(2), 0-0. Kim, D., et al. (1998) Highversus lowContext culture A comparison of Chinese, Korean, and American cultures. Psychology & Marketing, 15(6), 507-521. Kramsch, C. (1993) Context and culture in language teaching. Oxford University Press. Koeszegi, S., et al. (2004) National cultural differences in the use and perception of internet-based NSS does high or low context matter?. International Negotiation, 9(1), 79-109. Lustig, M. W. and Koester, J. (1999) Interp ersonal competence Interpersonal communications across cultures. Moran, R. T., et al. (2007) Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Niemeier, S., etc. (1998) The culturalcontext in business communication. John Benjamins Publishing. Salleh, L. M. (2005). High/low context communication the Malaysian Malay style. In Proceedings of the 2005 experience for Business Communication Annual Convention (pp. 1-11). Association for Business Communication. Trompenaars, F. (1998) ride the Waves of Culture Understanding Diversity in Global Business. McGraw Hill, New York, 1998.Wrtz, E. (2005). A cross-cultural analysis of websites from high-context cultures and low-context cultures. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(1), article-13.6. AppendixFigure 1 AUDI ChinaFigure 2 AUDI ChinaFigure 3 AUDI SwedenFigure4 AUDI SwedenFigure 5 AUDI South KoreaFigure 6 AUDI CanadaFigure 7 AUDI Canada

Compare and contrast David Landes’ and Andre Gunder Frank’s explanations of economic development and underdevelopment Essay

Prompt Compare and contrast David Landes and Andre Gunder roughs explanations of economic suppuration and underdevelopment. How do these authors explain the development of japan in the 19th ampere-second?This paper will analyze the arguments on development and underdevelopment from the point of look on of David Landes and Andre Gunder Frank. At the very beginning of Franks essay, he clarifies triple characteristics of countries, developed, underdeveloped and undeveloped. Meaning of developed earth is obvious exactly Frank states that there are misconceptions about the other two terms. Undeveloped basically refers to countries that is not yet start developing or did not escape to develop whereas underdeveloped means not completely developed but still developing.Some of underdeveloped countries are dealing with the issue of disparities in income and cultural differences among the confederation. This situation leads to existence of social classes and this is called dual societ y. of import reason of this problem is while the capitalists are growing economically, the other element remains isolated thus they are less developed.According to Frank, Japan grew rapidly after the Meiji Restoration. Industrialization period was very successful in Japan even though they do not have equal resource. Reason of this growth is Japan is not satellized during the Tokugawa and Meiji period. As a conclusion development of Japan was greater than other satellized countries such as Russia and south-central American countries. On the other hand David Landes suggested some ideas that caused Japanese development. Landes thinks that society plays an important role on development. They were highly motivated to work for their country and they believed that their country would develop such as European countries. Thus they invigorate by their success and carried themselves country to the same level.

Responding To The Wii Essay

Executive summaryGiven the current market scenario, Sony provide abide to fight on both fronts. The Wii has unlocked a new divide of the market. Sony should adapt its strategy to address this new market. entirely Sony must not lose sight of the big picture, to evolve the long term function for the center of the living populate. Sony should leverage its relation with game developers to pose simpler games for the casual gamer. It has to keep targeting the unutteredcore gamer and it must continue to provide redundant place as a single device for gaming, streaming movies and television, cyberspace surfing, word picture conferencing etc. How irresistible does the video game industry experience in late 2008? By 2008, the industry situation has become intense, with foursome of Porters five forces showing high threat (See lay out 1 in Appendix).However, the industry does hold the promise that the winner will occupy the center of the living room position, could potentially b uild a choke hold on the entire entertainment industry and could reap profits. Therefore, the stakes in this battle are high. Why did Nintendo delay introducing its 16 pip video game system? Nintendo delayed introducing its 16 bit video game system in order to avoid cannibalizing sales of the 8-bit NES. But competitors came up with new value propositions to take away market share.For sample Sega employed the Judo strategy to garner market by introducing its 16-bit version, Genesis, while Nintendo was concentrating on the 8-bit market. Sony, with its PlayStation and PlayStation 2 growth lines took this game further. They expanded the target guest cornerstone to include grown-ups by creating games fit for all ages and combining forces with game developers.Did Sega phthisis any elements of Judo Strategy?Sega effectively implemented Judo strategy by preventing its weapons-grade competitor Nintendo to come at it with full strength. Sega attacked the pieces of the play with vario us secondary steps. It started with leveraging the 16-bit opportunity, and setting lower prices for its Genesis to that of Super NES. Then it introduced its touristed version of Sonic, the Hedgehog. It also hurt Nintendo by luring in third companionship developers with its low royalty strategy and reinforced up twice the tot of titles Nintendo had. In 3 years Sega Genesis took over the market.How did PlayStation and PlayStation 2 win in their respective generations? With the industry becoming attractive, Sony entered the market with its 32-bit icon product Play Station targeting a larger and mature audition. Sony, contrary to its competitors built up on the outsourcing strategy, by allowing developers more freedom, tools and income. Despite lagging on software titles, it was unstoppable in the hardware segment overpowering Sega. As conk outer of the industry, Sony demonstrateed its Play station 2 at 128-bit gearing up for the next revolution.Why did Microsoft get into th e game?With the console games becoming attractive and multi capable compared to PC games, the PC giant Microsoft was concerned if the console curriculum takes over the PC platform. So it entered the video game console craft with Xbox as a bet against Sonys Play station. It was hoping to become sure-fire in the video game business as it has been in the PC software business. Surprisingly the same recipes didnt cook well with the developers in this segment and Sony took over the throne by 2005.How was Nintendo able to regain the lead in videogames?With Microsoft and Xbox as strong contenders in the field, Nintendo was gearing up for the launch of its next generation console. While Microsoft was trying to leverage the early wall plug of Xbox 360, Sony was dealing with its internal technicalities. Both the competitors had incorporated superior technological features in to their products. While Xbox had Digital Amplification, Play station had the most powerful console. The technology prowess was so much that the products were HD-DVD and Blu-ray compatible and had online gaming features. On the separate hand, Nintendos machine was less advanced across all features of processing, compatibility, phone and memory.However, Nintendo could made Wii special with its user friendliness and targeted a larger audience of not avid gamers. Its innovative motion sensitivity and customizable features helped Wii overtake its rivals by 2008. Despite its low performing hardware or performance, it was its reachability to the large customer segment that generated its value proposition.What should Sony do now?Sony should work with game developers to create simple games that target the Wiis audience. However, Sonys gaming console should quiet down be high tech to maintain its hold on the hard core gamer. Sony should market the new PlayStation line as a value add product that is the one stop source for the entire familys entertainment needs. This way, Sony can counter Wiis threat w hile also staying in the long term race for the center of the living room position. This position is essential for thwarting Microsofts plan of creating a stranglehold on the entire entertainment industry by being the electronic platform of choice in the home.

Models of Organizational Change Essay

Organizational wobble is occurring at an intense rate at bottom modern organizations, as demands to stay current with technology and marketplace trends ar ever increasing. Although knowledge exists amongst counsel and attractionship regarding the need for salmagundi, the ability to relieve the expected results of proposed potpourris often fails. Recent literature actually suggests that failures argon a great deal attributed to the level of employee involvement and commitment, and that employees actually play a major region in the success or failure of assortment within organizations (Shin, Taylor, & angstrom unit Seo, 2012, p. 727).There are various theories of organizational diverge, many of which have similar standards that can be applied to throw sufficees. Although such theories have differing strategies, close to share common elements, to include a clear vision for the organization, the subroutine of the attraction in the initiative, the communication proce ss between key stakeholders and employees, and overcoming foe to change. That said, it is the intention of this paper to evaluate two specific manikins of organizational change, and to go over how separately model incorporates those common elements within their framework.Kurt Lewin Three-Phase Change Theory and pretenseKurt Lewin proposed a three- phase angle change scheme in the 1940s however, his theory, in concert with a corresponding change model, has major implications for modern organizational change initiatives. The three phases of the model are as follows un obturate-transition-freeze, and are meant as a straight forward approach to organizational change. What is more, Lewins model has been utilize by many well-known corporations, and has a proven track book of success.Role of the Leader in Lewins sitAccording to Lewin, the character reference of the attracter in implementing the three-phase process is mutifactoral, as at each phase, attractorship is central. Fo r example, during the unfreezing phase, the leader creates a whiz of urgency, which is accomplished by generating awareness and arrest of the need for change. It is alike during this phase that communication between the leader, key stakeholders, and employees is all alpha(p) in order to reach the next phase of transition.During the transition phase, the leader is responsible for the development of organizational structure and process changes that impart in the end be shaped by new behaviors, values and attitudes (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, para. 3). Once the transition phase reaches the particular of successful re-structuring, the final freeze stage moldiness occur, and also be maintained. This is the point at which the leader essential ensure that adaption to the change has crystallized, as the possibility for the organization to deliver back to old ways (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, para. 3) exists, unless the changes are continually reinforce d.Three-Phase Change Model Overcoming ResistanceAlthough one may expect adjacent opponent to change, this is generally not the case. In fact, during the unfreezing stage, most staff and management are willing to change (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, p. 4) however, there are still others that will require greater provocation. The leaders map to resistance is in generating motivation. This is done by dismantling the status quo with educational initiatives, and the provision of tangible examples of proven success.Additionally, lines of communication must die hard open, allowing for the building of a guiding coalition, and the formation of an unwavering cohesiveness. Overcoming resistance also entails the leaders personal involvement, attention to empowerment, staying open to negotiation, and use of milestones as a means for illustrating successes. As the freezing stage nears, the leader must remain cognizant of any barriers to maintaining the change. Furthermore, a forw ard outlook is essential, which will be sustained with effective communication, ongoing observation, training, and horizontal military operation and reward systems (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, p. 5).Three-Phase Change Model and communionCommunication is truly the most central component to Lewins model. It is highlighted at each of the three phases, with lack of communication being a barrier to successfully transitioning between phases. That said, it must not be discounted the impact that strong lines of communication have on successful change initiatives, as high percentages of change failures are often attributed to poor communication, thus hindering the transition process (Shin et al., 2012, p. 727).Harriss Five-Phase ModelBen Harris developed a five-phase organizational change model in the mid 1970s. According to Harris, the phases are sequential however, they often circle one another (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 4). The five-phases are as follows planning & initiati on, impulse, problems, go point, and termination.Five-Phase Model Role of the LeaderUnlike Lewins three-phase model, Harriss model is less dependent upon concrete leadership initiatives at each phase. For example, per the five-phase model, the single-valued function of the leader is accentuated most at phases II-IV posited by Lunenburg when he acknowledged the magnificence of leadership at various phases of program implementation (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 5). During planning and initiation, the leader introduces the proposed change, goals, activities, and necessary resources. , and mounts interest among individuals (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 5), which is dissimilar to Lewins creation of a sense of urgency at the unfreezing stage.During momentum, strong leadership is emphasized for the development of goal-directed activities, and the organizing of processes meant to serve as the point at which employees experience personal maturement through involvement. At the problems phase, leaders must stay focused on imminent issues, including the complexity of plans, differences between involved parties with regard to perceptions and goals, demands of responsibility, conflict, and individuals not fulfilling duties and prognosis (Lunenburg, 2010, p. 5). It is up to the leader to direct the actions necessary for the completion of this phase in order to move on to the turning point.During the turning point phase, the leader continues to act as facilitator for the continued growth of problems, or he moves the multitude forward if problems have been overcome. Solid leadership is crucial here, as the point at which the change coalition should see results of initial planning, and experience the momentum of the change process. Similar to Lewiss transition phase, emphasis at this phase is placed on behaviors, values, and attitudes (Kurt Lewin 3 phases change theory, 2012, para. 2).At termination, the leader must attempt to break down any barriers to the success of the change. This pha se comes with a twofold strategy, which on one hand addresses potential change failure, and on the other hand, the possibility for change success. It is also the point at which resistance to change becomes most evident therefore, the investment of leadership is vital to this phase.Harriss Five-Phase Model Overcoming ResistanceThere is very little focus within Harriss five phases on leaders overcoming staff resistance to change. In fact, of all five phases, it is not until termination that attention to resistance is even highlighted. Unlike Lewins model, which does not allow for transitioning between phases if opposition is met, Harriss model affords for a five-phase transition, even in the face of potential failure. This is a good example of a five-phase model helplessness, and three-phase model strength.Harriss Five-Phase Model and CommunicationHarriss model does not specifically stress the grandeur of communication as does Lewins model however, it is implied in the description o f the leaders responsibilities at each phase. Noticeably, each of the five phases alludes to the need for leaders to effectively and consistently communicate with staff in order for sure activities and goals to be accomplished. The difference however, between Lewin and Harris, is that Harris allows for the transitioning between stages even when barriers to success persist. cultureAs organizations face the ever-increasing demands of technology, together with the challenges of staying current with marketplace trends, the need forchange will remain imminent. With various strategies in existence for the execution of change initiatives, leaders must stay abreast of the specific demands of their fields, while also maintaining solid lines of communication and solid leadership within their organizations. It is also important that change models with proven effectiveness be implemented, and that they are well-matched to the situation. Relative strengths and weakness of any change model will always exist, but through solid and effective leadership, the potential to overcome such weakness and the likelihood of change success is altogether probable.ReferencesKurt Lewin 3 phase change theory universally accepted change management. (2012). Retrieved from http//www.change-management-consultant.com/kurt-lewin.html Lunenburg, F. (2010). Approached to managing organizational change. 1, 12, 1-10. Retrieved from http//www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Lunenburg,%20Fred%20C%20Approaches%20to%20Managing%20Organizational%20Change%20IJSAID%20v12%20n1%202010.pdf Shin, J., Taylor, M. S., & Seo, M. (2012, June 1). Resources for change the relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change. Academy of counseling Journal, 55(3), 727-748. Retrieved from http//ehis.ebscohost.com.library.gcu.edu2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=5a0184b6-033b-45ea-a35a-e84a3a89923d%40sessionmgr110&a mpvid=8&hid=116

Kale in Kenya- Ag Issue 2012 Essay

Jonathan King Ag 101 September 16, 2012 Current Issues in Horticulture- dinero in Kenya I am going to go into the Horticultural cranial orbit and one of the issues facing horticulture today is solving world hunger. Kenya is a acres that mostly lives in poverty, The United States and other countries are trying to inspection and repair the Kenyan poverty problem by researching different food that chamberpot grow there along with trying to improve the food that they already have.A big crop in Kenya is popsicle because it costs so little to produce and the name sakuma wiki the Kenyan name for kale in the main translated means that it can sustain people throughout the week imputable to its extreme affordability, particularly for those who earn a dollar and below a day. The kale in Kenya is poor quality and it yields easily to diseases like unrelenting rot and leaf spot.Through a collaborative research chore investigating the poor quality of kale seeds in parts of Kenya a team fou nd that the best kale plants in Kenya originate from Kinale, a forested region north of Nairobi on the edge of the breach valley. The plants were then took to the Kenya Agricultural Research Institute and propagated to obtain clean, disease-free seed. Five lines of kale were developed and two of them did very well once the seed was well-tried in different parts.The propagated seed flowered later thus reservation the crop produce longer and had a better color with a sweeter flavored leaf. By using Horticulture the problem of hunger in Kenya is being intercommunicate by diversifying kale to improve food and nutrition and to improve the economy by making a better plant that people would need to buy and eat.

Kindred: A neo-slave narrative Essay

Often, man resorts to apologue- thrust outing as a way of harmonize with a formidable incident in the past. By re-telling the story to other party, he comes to accept that this is a reality to be faced. He realizes that acceptance, rather than denial, is the best way of going about this trouble. Aside from the rehabilitating ability of story-telling with its causative effect in dealing with a painful memory, others simply do this as a way of remembering.Concretizing the past as a plot of land of lit erature would ensure that the incident would not just be inhumed in the recesses of the memory that it would be kept alive and the pains and miserable would not be without significance. In this light, it would come clear for take upers how and why the proliferation and the bearing of knuckle down yarns came about. One may think that with the end of the painful era of slavery, all dialogues and discussion about the subject would also desist. For the African-American slaves and their descendants, this was not the case.The words of Robert Crossley of the University of Massachusetts rerated the thought First-person American slave accounts should have ceased universe written when the last American citizen born into institutionalized slavery died. besides the literary form has persisted, just as the legacy of slavery has persisted, into the deport. To be more specific, the birth and popularization of the slave narratives started in the nineteenth century. pile Olney stated that each narrative a quaint production as an autobiography, and is not every autobiography the unique tale, uniquely told, of a unique life? (148). Therefore, the uniqueness of each narrative from the others is a trait of this genre, as it narrates the experiences of the authors which are unique to anothers. However, certain quotationistics are evidently correspondent in the engage to be considered a part of the genre. For one thing, it has to tell the story of a black slaves s truggle for literacy and freedom, spell testifying against the peculiar institution/ which in practice meant human bondage and discomposure (Gates, Introduction ix).By the consequence half of the twentieth century, a sub-genre of the slave narrative has arisen called the neo-slave narrative, it is a manufactureal mutation of the slave narratives of nineteenth-century Americans (Crossley). This sub-set of the slave narrative genre is very similar with its umbrella genre in the guts that it toasts personal accounts of slavery. However, the difference lies in the choice of the author to fictionalize subsisting accounts, and not his own personal experiences.The authors base the structure of their fictional work on the oral histories and existing slave narratives to make sure that the story would still echo true events in the historical sense. The birth of this sub-set of the slave narrative genre may be attributed to the void that it fills, or attempts to fill. Anita Wholuba in h er paper said that the chasm which is attempted to be explored and filled is the ironic presence of silence in slave narratives, despite of the voice earned by the slave narrative writers.Wholuba said that while a significant round of scholars have established that certain silences exist in the traditional narrative of history, neo-slave narrative authors have committed themselves to the task of identifying and sounding those silences where the representation of the American slavery era is concerned. A smart titled kindred, penned by Octavia Butler, is among the personify of neo-slave narratives published in the last century. It was published in the year 1979, and speaks of an African-American womans sojourns to the past.The character Dana, lives in contemporary California, but is transported bottom in time to the antebellum South. In her involuntary travels to the past, she understands how difficult the post for heap before her ancestors actually was. As I was reading Kind red, I had the initial impression that it was just to be appreciated for its experience fiction values. Although the science element in this reinvigorated was not so a good deal as it was felt in other novels from the same genre, her meshing of science fiction and history was an innovation that should be noted and lauded.In some(prenominal) case, what caught my attention more was the similarity Kindred has with other novels we have read subsequently in the class, which were the Narrative of the Life of Frederic Douglass, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, and Up from Slavery. Evidently, there were characteristics of a slave narrative in the novel Kindred. However, the text didnt meet the five criteria for it to be called a slave narrative, the genre which the other works fell under. As Kindred is a work of fiction, it would naturally be categorized as a neo slave narrative, a purpose I came to be old(prenominal) with after research.Kindred as a neo-slave narrative With the plot and unbiased and direct language employed by Butler, Kindred could not be missed as a neo-slave narrative. Characters that are actual African-American slaves and tweed American masters and violence inflicted on slaves are presented in the novel. On a deeper sense, on the other hand, the novel follows the same pattern present in other slave narratives. Wholuba in the same paper added that although the text refers to other slave narratives such as the work written by Douglass, in an effort to explore existing themes, the novel still manages to publish new themes.The new themes that this novel presented, according to Wholuba still, include a more blunt analysis and depiction of the slaves struggle for intimate autonomy, the experience of middle passage, and the concept of memory. As was mentioned, the novel Kindred follows the emblematic pattern for a slave narrative, and this forget be the thesis of the paper. It will attempt to discuss and prove the characteristics of a s lave narrative present in Butlers popular piece of art. Another writer mentioned some of the other patterns parking lotly found in neo-slave narratives.Lysik mentioned in her stress that neo-slave narratives portrayed the vital slave culture in a demonstrable light as it could serve as a means of hold out the brutal reality they are subjected to (Lysik). What this implicates is that the writers of the neo-slave narratives provide a new sentiment in terms of viewing the arduous tasks and obligations slaves have to fulfill. Most authors depute how slaves then turn this otherwise appalling condition to something that they could actually try refuge in.First and fore closely, the novel carried a prefatory statement by a person from Caucasian American race attesting to the authenticity of the author. The second criterion which has to be satisfied is the movement from slavery to freedom. Kindred has been separate under slave narratives by critics as leans toward the freedom narrativ e category. This concept will be further discussed in the following paragraphs. Aside from this, the most obvious criterion which the novel has to satisfy is that the story should portray the physical, emotional, and weird deficiency of slavery.Kindred, undeniably, does not fall short on this end. As the journeying through time and space allows Dana to witness the events during the period of slavery firsthand, the novel is rich with narration regarding the struggles of the African-American slaves. Through Danas experiences, the tales of the different forms of deprivation and coercion were regaled to the readers. James and his contemporaries talked of this in a paper, saying that galore(postnominal) forms of violence and intimidation were observed to be used to maintain snowy dominance in the slave economy through the eyes of the character of Dana.These preservation measures, so to speak, included the sexual violence against black women that was common during slavery, the assaul t on black families, the difficult choices that black people were compelled to make in acts of love, survival, and resistance, and the outcomes of internalized oppression (James, et. al). A specific scene in the novel would be that time when Dana personally witnessed the beating of a slave. The slave was catch by white patrollers because of a crime that would seem absurd for people of the modern times the slave was found spending time with his married woman in their own bedroom without the slave masters permission.

Status of women in ISLAM

draft charwo gentlemans gentleman-as vital to vitality as man himself Islam gives fair sex rights and privileges, never grated forrader volume addresses men and women jointly Modern cleaning woman judges rights by intensity level Woman has liken sh atomic number 18 In every aspect of animateness She is equal In responsibilities She is equal in pursuit in intimacy She is entitled to equal license of expression Islam determines her sh atomic number 18 in hereditary pattern A misconception regarding this sh be & vitamin A her get word to civil contact whatever advantages woman enjoys more than the man Veil- non a hindrance sort of a blessing for woman ConclusionThe side of woman In Islam constitutes no hassle. The placement of the Quran and the other(a) Moslems bear witness to the detail that the woman Is, at least, as vital to life as man himself. Had it not been for the impact of outside cultures and alien influences, this question would restrain never aris en among the Muslims. The posture of woman was interpreted for granted to equal to that of man. It was a collect of course, a matter of fact. and no one. then. considered it as a problem at all. There is a clustering of talk about womans rights in Pakistan and early(a) Muslim countries these days.The Western media is communicate a very pallid(a) and poor plight of woman in Muslim countries with the intension of distorting the straight image of Islam. Unfortunately, this propaganda is proving quite effective and the total west and a picayune section of females in our society control misinterpreted Islam as being the prepargon of their troubles instead of the Aryan culture that we expect inherited. In order to control what Islam has established for woman, on that point is no quest to deplore her plight in the pre- Islamic era or in the modern world ot today.Islam has wedded woman rights and rivileges which she has never enjoyed under other religious or complete syste ms. This can be understood when the matter Is studied as a whole In a comparative manner, rather than partially. The rights and responsibilities of a woman ar equal to those of man just now they are not needfully identical with them. Equality and sameness are two quite divers(prenominal) things. This difference Is unaerstanaaDle Decause man ana woman are not laentlcal out tney are gaind equals. With this characteristic in mind, there is no problem.It is almost impossible to examine even two identical men or women. Islam was revealed at beat when people denied the homophileity of the woman. Some were sceptical about it and still others admitted it, that considered the woman a thing created for the meanspirited service of the man. With the advent of Islam, dower improved for the woman. The womans dignity and humanity were admit for the first time. Islam confirmed womans capableness to carry out Allahs commands, her responsibilities and observations of the commands that l ead to the heaven.Islam considers woman as a seemly human being, with an equal destiny in humanity to that of the man. Both are two branches of a single direct and two children from the same father, Adam, and mother, Eve. The status of woman in Islam is something unique that has no parallel in some(prenominal) other religion. In the midst of the sliminess that engulfed the world, the divine revelation echoed in the wide desert of Arabia with a fresh, noble, and common message to humanity O mankindBe dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created his wife Hawwa (Eve), and from them both He created many an(prenominal) men and woman. (An-Nisal). Stressing this noble nd natural conception, then the consecrated rule book states He ( graven image) it is Who did create you from a single brain and there from did create his mate, that he energy dwell with her (in love). (Quran 7189) In the early days of Islam when a girlfriend w as born, she was buried alive. This custom is still observe in Hinduism.However, the sanctum sanctorum Quran forbade this custom and considered it a umbrage the likes of any other murder. The sacred Quran says And when the female (infant) buried alive- is questioned, for what crime was she killed? (Quran 818-9) Far from thriftiness the girls life so that she whitethorn subsequently suffer njustice and inequality, Islam requires kind and near treatment to her. The saying of the divine vaticinator Muhammad (PBUH), in this regard, is following Whosoever has a daughter and he does not cloak her alive, does not insult her, and does not favour his son everywhere her, God will enter him into nirvana.The Holy Quran provides us a travel by- cut proof that woman is equal in all view with man before manufacturing business God in terms of her rights and responsibilities. The Holy Quran states Every soul will be (held) in take for its deeds (Quran 7438) In terms of religious obli gations, such as ffering daily prayers, fasting and pilgrimage, woman is no antithetical from man. In some cases indeed, woman has certain advantages over man. For example woman can and did go into the mosque during the days of the Holy prophesier (PBUH) and thereafter attending the Friday prayers is optional for them tour it is mandatory for men.This is clearly a tender touch of the Islamic teachings because of the fact that a woman may be nursing her baby and consequently may be inefficient to offer prayers in mosque. They also take into account the physiological and psychological changes associated with her natural female functions. The right of females to seek cognition is not different from that of males. When Islam enjoins the seeking of knowledge upon Muslims, it makes no distinction between man and woman. The Holy prophet Muhammad (PBUH), said Seeking knowledge is mandatory for every Muslim.This declaration was very clear and was implement by Muslims throughout history . match to a hadith attributed to Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), he praised the woman of Madina because of their liking religious knowledge, How splendid were tne women 0T tne Ansar sname a a not prevent tnem Trom Decomlng larn In tne aith. Under Islamic law, unification was no longer viewed as a status but rather as a specialise, in which the womans consent was imperative. The dowry, previously regarded as a bride-price paid to the father, became a nuptial gift retained by the wife as a part of her personal property.The Holy Quran clearly indicates that marriage is overlap between the two halves of the society and its objectives are emotional well-being and sacred harmony. Its bases are love and mercy. The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. In onsideration of the physiological and psychological make-up of man and woman, both gravel equal rights and claim on each other, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This i s a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is legitimate with the nature of man.Status of women in ISLAMOutline woman-as vital to life as man himself Islam gives woman rights and privileges, never grated before Quran addresses men and women Jointly Modern woman seeks rights by force Woman has equal share In every aspect of life She is equal In responsibilities She is equal in pursuit in knowledge She is entitled to equal freedom of expression Islam determines her share in inheritance A misconception regarding this share & her witness to civil contact Some advantages woman enjoys more than the man Veil-not a hindrance rather a blessing for woman ConclusionThe status of woman In Islam constitutes no problem. The attitude of the Quran and the early Muslims bear witness to the fact that the woman Is, at least, as vital to life as man himself. Had it not been for the impact of foreign cultures and alien influences, this question would have never arisen among the Mus lims. The status of woman was taken for granted to equal to that of man. It was a matter of course, a matter of fact. and no one. then. considered it as a problem at all. There is a lot of talk about womans rights in Pakistan and other Muslim countries these days.The Western media is projecting a very gruesome and poor plight of woman in Muslim countries with the intension of distorting the true image of Islam. Unfortunately, this propaganda is proving quite effective and the entire west and a small section of females in our society have misinterpreted Islam as being the cause of their troubles instead of the Aryan culture that we have inherited. In order to understand what Islam has established for woman, there is no need to deplore her plight in the pre- Islamic era or in the modern world ot today.Islam has given woman rights and rivileges which she has never enjoyed under other religious or constitutional systems. This can be understood when the matter Is studied as a whole In a comparative manner, rather than partially. The rights and responsibilities of a woman are equal to those of man but they are not necessarily identical with them. Equality and sameness are two quite different things. This difference Is unaerstanaaDle Decause man ana woman are not laentlcal out tney are created equals. With this distinction in mind, there is no problem.It is almost impossible to find even two identical men or women. Islam was revealed at time when people denied the humanity of the woman. Some were skeptical about it and still others admitted it, yet considered the woman a thing created for the humble service of the man. With the advent of Islam, circumstances improved for the woman. The womans dignity and humanity were acknowledged for the first time. Islam confirmed womans capacity to carry out Allahs commands, her responsibilities and observations of the commands that lead to the heaven.Islam considers woman as a worthy human being, with an equal share in humanity t o that of the man. Both are two branches of a single tree and two children from the same father, Adam, and mother, Eve. The status of woman in Islam is something unique that has no parallel in any other religion. In the midst of the darkness that engulfed the world, the divine revelation echoed in the wide desert of Arabia with a fresh, noble, and universal message to humanity O mankindBe dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created his wife Hawwa (Eve), and from them both He created many men and woman. (An-Nisal). Stressing this noble nd natural conception, then the Holy Quran states He (God) it is Who did create you from a single soul and there from did create his mate, that he might dwell with her (in love). (Quran 7189) In the early days of Islam when a girl was born, she was buried alive. This custom is still observed in Hinduism.However, the Holy Quran forbade this custom and considered it a crime like any other murder. The Holy Quran says And when the female (infant) buried alive- is questioned, for what crime was she killed? (Quran 818-9) Far from saving the girls life so that she may later suffer njustice and inequality, Islam requires kind and Just treatment to her. The saying of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), in this regard, is following Whosoever has a daughter and he does not bury her alive, does not insult her, and does not favour his son over her, God will enter him into Paradise.The Holy Quran provides us a clear- cut proof that woman is equal in all respects with man before Almighty God in terms of her rights and responsibilities. The Holy Quran states Every soul will be (held) in pledge for its deeds (Quran 7438) In terms of religious obligations, such as ffering daily prayers, fasting and pilgrimage, woman is no different from man. In some cases indeed, woman has certain advantages over man. For example woman can and did go into the mosque during the days of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and thereafter attending the Friday prayers is optional for them while it is mandatory for men.This is clearly a tender touch of the Islamic teachings because of the fact that a woman may be nursing her baby and thus may be unable to offer prayers in mosque. They also take into account the physiological and psychological changes associated with her natural female functions. The right of females to seek knowledge is not different from that of males. When Islam enjoins the seeking of knowledge upon Muslims, it makes no distinction between man and woman. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), said Seeking knowledge is mandatory for every Muslim.This declaration was very clear and was implemented by Muslims throughout history. According to a hadith attributed to Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), he praised the woman of Madina because of their desire religious knowledge, How splendid were tne women 0T tne Ansar sname a a not prevent tnem Trom Decomlng learned In tne aith. Under Islamic law, marriag e was no longer viewed as a status but rather as a contract, in which the womans consent was imperative. The dowry, previously regarded as a bride-price paid to the father, became a nuptial gift retained by the wife as a part of her personal property.The Holy Quran clearly indicates that marriage is sharing between the two halves of the society and its objectives are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy. The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. In onsideration of the physiological and psychological make-up of man and woman, both have equal rights and claim on each other, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This is a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is consistent with the nature of man.