Overview On Schizophrenia: Disorder Of The Mind

Overview On schizophrenic psychosis trouble Of The Mind dementia praecox has plagued humankind since the early centuries. The bible mentions of paranoia and manic rage in several books, that soulfulness bothy, my favorite is found in the book of Psalms.He who dwells in the shelter of the Most High exit abide in the shadow of the Al mightinessy. I will say to the Lord, My refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust. For he will deliver you from the sn ar of the fowler and from the deadly pestilence. He will cover you with his pinions, and under his wings, you will note refuge his faithfulness is a shield and buckler. You will not fear the terror of the night, nor the ar course of workplace that wing by day (Ps. 91 1-16, ESV).The importance of treatment plectrons and research ar unparallel to this disorder. One may ask, If this disorder carries a long history, then how common is the disorder in todays populations? The commonality of schizophrenic disorder boggles the he althcare and research community. Diagnosis and the mandated criteria in which the disorder is understood is puzzling. The disorder itself is complex but common, even in the elder community.The rates of schizophrenia relate to climb and now even crossing over to previous(a) adult hood. Matter of fact, it is estimated that unrivalled in twenty-five pack are diagnosed with some gullifier of psychical disorder in their lifetime. With odds such as this, it is vital for our medical, psycho limpid, and spiritual community to be sore and consistent in teaching the gentlemanwhat a intellectual illness is and does to those that suffer. Within the medical and psychological community, it is common to see two words, mental illness, and disorder to mean the same thing. Matsumoto Juang (2008) describe a mental illness as a form of abnormality (p. 283).The best way to understand schizophrenia is finished the knowledge from the medical community about the somatic make up and defini tion of the illness. Schizophrenia is a chronic, sodding(a), disabling brain complaint (Mental Health America, 2009). Schizophrenia is characterized and known to cause gross distortions of reality masturbation from social interaction and disorganization of perception and thought (Carson, Butcher Colman, 1988, p. 322). The disease does not know undecomposed one race, one cultureactually schizophrenia is world wide, across all continents. A set example of the cross culture studies performed on schizophrenia patients lifts from The knowledge domain Health Organization (WHO 1973, 1981). The organization sponsored the internationalist Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS) to compare the riskiness and tokens of the illness on a worldwide level.The disease has distinct, unbiased symptoms (WHO, 1979).Therefore, the idea that in that location is a proper(postnominal) demographic to this disorder is incorrect. The diagnostic features of the disorder are wide and tend to give therap ists and doctor a pathway to diagnosis. Some of thedirect symptoms, which we will treat ulterior in the essay, but a snapshot of them includehallucinations, instability, hearing of voices and most common disorganize public lecture. Each symptom, studied throughout m whatever different cultures and race have commonality.To determine if a person has schizophrenia, several industry standard evaluations and processes exist. Most pot today recognize schizophrenia as a mentaldisorder (Yarhouse et al., 2005, p. 252). The testing process of schizophrenia, much like other mental disorders of psychosis, stiff or so the same. The first and foremost step in diagnose of schizophrenia is an exhausted assessment. handling plans included are individual therapy, behavior and cognitive therapy, and lastly pharmapsychology (the admistration of music by a psychiatrist).Schizophrenia has the label cognitive disorder however, it affects other things such as emotions, daily life, and patois. Bei ng that patients with the disorder have disorganized speech and instability in their lives, the psychology community performs worldwide studies on different aspects of the disorder. An academically claimed bes point in time is the 2009 study of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients performed from Hanuskiewicz, Chechnicki, et al.Within Hanuskiewiczs assessment he performed a study of normal speech rates and understanding, referred in the study as oral articulateness (Hanuszkiewicz, Cechnicki, et al., pp. 27-34) effects those withschizophrenia, and drops dramatically with the age of the disorder. The fluency tests of Hanuszkieicz and party ranged from (sd=4.87)for leisure fluency and(sd=5.99) for living situation fluency in speech. The levels were significant in establishing a just cause that verbal skills and/or speech are a major cognitive use up with the schizophrenia patients from all parts of the world.Schizophrenia is frequently a debate on diagnosis repayable to t he lack of understanding in the creativity that some with this disorder are blessed. Batey and Furnham (2009) discuss the relationship amid what they refer to as Schizotypy (2009), creativity vs. intelligence. Schizotypy refers to an individuals proneness to psychosis and in particular, to schizophrenia (Batey, and Furman, 2009, p. 273). The measures of this study consist of fluency and diverging thinking, and the outcome was one that might set a standard for the need too not only rely on psychology testing for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The study proved that creativity in people with schizophrenia scores higher then intelligence. This means even if someone is not intelligent, they may lock in be creative enough to alter testing with tests such as fluency, as seen in this article.psychological medicine stresses that psychosis (a basis for schizophrenia) as a persons loss of reality. Psychopathology sides with the diathesis-stress model. According to Yarhouse et al., this mod el assigns, environment and stress endured changes channel on schizophrenia type symptoms (2005, p. 395). Currently 2.5 million American struggles with schizophrenia This devastating disorder re primary(prenominal)s a top priority of the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2000). The APA claims schizophrenia to be the ultimate form of psychological breakdown (2000).According to research (Butcher, Mineka and Hookey, 2004) approximants, that 1 percent of the entire adult population in every culture and every type of community is affected with schizophrenia. However, other research (Comer, 2003) observes the acuteness to be larger and more significant in poverty-stricken cultures. Either way, schizophrenia is here and very sound out in our communities and populations throughout the world.Gender to the contrary is about equal. Men however, tend to have more severe symptoms than women do. In addition, men show signs of schizophrenia breakdown much sooner. Women on the other hand sh ow what is known in the psychology understanding as, late on-set (Yarhouse, et al., 2005, p. 391). This is the age after the age of forty-four and commonly before the age of sixty-seven. Although both men and women show forms of late on-set, due to the fact of women showing later signs they are the most popular population for this form.Going back to the diagnostic features of schizophrenia, there are heavy criteria necessary for correct diagnoses. Thought and expression (both verbal and non-verbal) usually lack. The person also lacks the basic logical skills and beliefs, and is most very much delusional and/or experiencing hallucinations. Hallucinations are the primary disturbance for schizophrenia. Along with the lack of repulse skills and interest in every day life, these are schizophrenia basics.That is one reason that most people with schizophrenia have comorbidity (a cross between being able to have a diagnosis of quintuple disorders). Depression and personality disorders tie close with schizophrenia. Depression and schizophrenia are both psychological disorders, and often a person will face both disorders simultaneously. The depression would of course lease a long-run (over one year) stretch to be considered as more than just the blues.To help with comorbidital understanding, Schizophrenia symptoms are assort into three main categories, Positive, negative, and psychomotor (Yarhouse et al., 2005, p. 257). Positive shows gradual decline of speech and an increase of hallucinations and delusion. This is the first sign of something wrong psychotically. Negative includes lack of personality and temperament. Where as the psychomotor symptoms deal with the decrease of physical use and is normally a later concern or symptom. The progression is normally the same for everyone stricken with schizophrenia.Treatment of schizophrenia is highly unlikely due to a few reasons. The first and most widely misdirected is the represent of healthcare, especially ment al health care. With a deficit in our country and many third world countries lacking funds, this is a major problem. This is followed by the lack of highly skilled-trained psychologist and therapy personnel. Mental health facilities do not always hire the best resources for their patients, and most times rely on aids vs. the educated cater necessary for proper treatment of their patients.Although this is better than the treatment provided in the early 50s and 60s, which was lockdown in local and state mental hospitals, it is still not up to par. Furthermore should a person get past their local doctor, and into a therapist/psychiatrist then there would be a hold. There are grand options of treatment, but the plans are somewhat disorganized and not patient directed. Budget tends to take front row seat, and this is very unfortunate to all involved.One current option of treatment for schizophrenia that is often easier to entranceway for all is individual or group counseling. This referral can come from a general doctor, and does not require any major loopholes. Although this treatment option is less proven, it remains. The main moved of treatment for schizophrenia remains to be pharmapsychology. A recent form of medication labeled as atypical antipsychotic medication (Yarhouse, et al., 2005, p. 264), is widely accepted. These medications produce fewer side affects compared to past pharmapsychology options. Even so, pharmapsychology alone is not as accurate as the blend of both therapy and medication. Medication is considered necessary, but should not be a sole option for those that suffer.A favorite treatment plan personally involves a low dose (to acknowledges less or no side affects) and integration community and government programs. Along with pastoral programs, since schizophrenia patients are often diagnosed later in life, their denial and offense run high and require a spiritual or structured caring attitude. Community and pastoral programs are crucia l. Agreeable, this type of honor and understanding, along with medication might prove to be the best option further, and remains my personal choice.Another important treatment option or need is prevention and education. Some research has changed the over all view and medical of necessity and understandings of schizophrenia, but the treatments that are most widely accepted remain the same. It is through twin-to-twin studies and wildness studies schizophrenia specific needs become known. In the fictitious character of certain twins, if one surfaces the illness, there is a 50% happen that the other twin will develop schizophrenia. The amazing fact is that the average public has only a small chance of having this illness.Research, even though lacking, remains pronounced. There are major research firms for the disease, one of them being the NARSAD, The Brain and Behavior Research Fund. This foundation continues to fight for an understanding of schizophrenia and actively performs cas e studies on twin-to-twin and single patients. They are also proud sponsors of the book calledDivided Minds Twin Sisters and Their Journey through and through Schizophrenia (Spiro, 2005). Twin studies have a major influence on schizophrenia and the research that surrounds the illness, and continue to prove that genetics is just as powerful in the understanding of the illness. Future studies of schizophrenia hope too also pinpoint physical causes to the environment.Another research bowl of schizophrenia is violence. As mentioned earlier, sometimes violence shows, and then diagnosis, and then lastly and often late, treatment. The general public and stereotypical populations put a cast on the illness to cause violent behavior. Studies have concluded that violence is a symptom of someone with schizophrenia. Ten epidemiological studies that specifically examine this relationship found a four-to six-fold increased risk of violent behavior in schizophrenia patients (Langstrong, Hjern et a l, 2009).Langstrong among other studies prove that there is a relationship of violence and schizophrenia, however there needs to be more research to confirm. Because this illness is forever changing, future study is needed. The treatment conditions of schizophrenia include psychotic drugs, group and individual counseling, and behavior therapy.Research of schizophrenia is cumbersome. The unknown, yet very pronounced disorder spreads through the clinical and academic areas of psychology as the worsened of the worse in psychological breakdown. The possibility to discuss even a small amount of research proves coercive for my point of view. Therefore, a few options and current, as well as past, research notations remain throughout the refinement of this essay.The forever-growing importance of schizophrenia research gives an understanding of not only the illness but also the physical consequences on the person that has the illness. For example, Leucht, Burkard, Henderson agree, It is n ow well documented by research that people with severe mental disorders have a higher prevalence of several physical diseases and a higher fatality rate from natural causes than the general population (p. 1, 2007). It is the desire of todays researchers and psychologist to find the root cause wither it is from genes or environment, so that patients and their condense can become aware of all options. The mystery of this illness continues to keep research at its peak however, the causes are beginning to be truly recognized. Doctors study the physical aspects of schizophrenia, and they study the neurological. The fact is that the brain is the profound area that linksemotions and speech. Therefore, if something is off balance in abrain then behavior begins to alter. galore(postnominal) medical articles argue that cognitive function is lower in someone with a mental disorder, such as schizophrenia, than the average healthy person is, because verbal and cognition support each other. This goes back to the verbal concerns that Hanuszkiewicz, Cechnicki, et al found when studying the speech and activity of someone with schizophrenia.To be exact, brainimaging shows that in the prodormal phase the patient loses gray matter (neurons and other brain cells) when compared with controls-indication that some underlying brain pervert (Seidman, 2009).Prodromal shows a correlation between loss of brain matter and later signs and symptoms of schizophrenia. Seidman along with the University of Harvard race progressive therapies in the understanding of schizophrenia.Seidmans 2009 article says, The North American Prodromal Longitudinal Study (NAPLS), followed 291 all the way prodromal subjects for two and a half years and found that 35 percent of them went on to develop schizophrenia (Harvard News, Seidman). This study along shows how the prodromal stage plays into future diagnosis of schizophreniaAnother area of research that is useful is the rate of mortality to those that s uffer with schizophrenia. Seeman believes that the good news of schizophrenia treatmentsis short lived, because the mortality rate remains excessive. She refers to the improvement of schizophrenia treatment in the last thirty years insufficient (2002). Seemans studies prove that schizophrenia patients of today are more vulnerable to negative choices such as Homeless, unplayful infection, poor diet, smoking, and overuse of abusive substances (Seeman, 2002, p. 162). This means the world is against the one with the illness. Nevertheless, many therapists believe spirituality is exactly what the patient and their love ones may need to conquer such a mental illness as schizophrenia.It is through in-depth understanding of schizophrenia thatwe can learn and accept the illness with a spiritual heart. Eric Johnson (1987) states that there are two aspects of why we all carry a fallen nature and he says the main reasons are that God holds us responsible and that for which God does not (Journal of psychology and Theology). Education and the willingness to understand any mental illness without fright and ridicule can do wonders in the treatment of the patient, and the therapy of their love ones. The forefront of schizophrenia remains hopeful.There have been many small changes and some very significant improvements attitudes towards families of patients have alter patient autonomy has increased early intervention, assertive community treatment teams, psycho education, and cognitive behavioral therapy have all been introduced in the last thirty years (Seeman, 1979-2002, p. 162).Within the spiritual understanding of schizophrenia lies the understanding from a healing perspective. Just as Matsumoto Juang believe, Many cross-culture psychologists, psychotherapists, and counselors are sensitive to the issue of somatization (2009, p. 290). They both understand that everyone is different. They promote the very idea of spiritual healing. They both introduce the need for Indigen ous Healing, which is root in religion and spirituality, not biomedical science (Matsumoto Juang, 2009, p. 323). Spirituality not only gives a riskless place for the patient, but it provides an understanding to the patients love ones.The difficulties of schizophrenia are not small by any mean. Nevertheless, the people with the illness are trying to improve their lives, and we as the medical, social, and spiritual community must come together as one. The talents from the medical and psychological community are bar-none fantastic. Where the skills and understanding of the therapist may experience challenge, the outcome can be positive.Also, just for the person that struggles with schizophrenia to belong to something other than their disorder does a wonder for the progress in their life. With the compassion from the spiritual side, the knowledge from the medical side, and the understanding from the family side, and the urge from those that hand their life to the study of schizophren ia such as Seeman and Seidman remain hopeful. After all, hope is a comprehensive language. If there is illness, there is a need for the research, love, understanding, and healing to continue to be a priority for all involved.References(2009). Schizophrenia. NARSAD InfoLine.Mental Health Research Foundation.Retrieved December 1, 2009 from,http//www.narsad.org/?q=node/9/disorder.(2005). Abundant Life Bible incline Standard Version Holy Bible. Wheaton, IL Tyndale House.American Psychatric Association. 92000). 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Retrieved October 7, 2010 from, http//focus.hms.harvard.edu/2009/022009/pathology.shtml.Spiro, Carolyn Pamela. (2005). Divided Mind Twin Sisters and Their Journey Through Schizophrenia. New York, NY Saint Martins Press.World Health Organization. (1973). Report of the International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (Vol. 1). Geneva Author.World Health Organization. (1979). Schizophrenia An international follow-up study. New York, NY Wiley.